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 Proto-Turkic Altaic etymology Meaning Russian meaning Old Turkic Karakhanid Turkish Tatar Middle Turkic Uzbek Uighur Sary-Yughur Azerbaidzhan Turkmen Khakassian Shor Oyrat Halaj Chuvash Yakut Dolgan Tuva Tofalar Kirghiz Kazakh Noghai Bashkir Balkar Gagauz Karaim Karakalpak Salar Kumyk Comments
face="Times New Roman Star"*Katar-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to turn (a horse) back, preventing it from going; to turn (the enemy) back 2 to drive, pursue 3 to pasture 4 to keep watch 5 to waitface="Times New Roman Star"1 ïîâîðà÷èâàòü (ëîøàäü) âñïÿòü; îáðàùàòü âðàãà â áåãñòâî 2 ãíàòü, ïðåñëåäîâàòü 3 ïàñòè 4 íàáëþäàòü 5 æäàòü
face="Times New Roman Star"qatar- (MK) 1face="Times New Roman Star"katarla-, katala- (dial.) 2






face="Times New Roman Star"xadar- 3,4,5face="Times New Roman Star"qadar- 3,4,5face="Times New Roman Star"qadar- 3,4,5



face="Times New Roman Star"qadar- 3,4,5










face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 604, ÝÑÒß 5, 337.
face="Times New Roman Star"*et-mekface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"breadface="Times New Roman Star"õëåáface="Times New Roman Star"o"tmek (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"etmek (MK), epmek (MK - Oghuz, Qypch.)face="Times New Roman Star"etmek, ekmekface="Times New Roman Star"ikma"kface="Times New Roman Star"etmek, o"tmek (Pav. C.)


face="Times New Roman Star"a"ppa"kface="Times New Roman Star"(dial.) ekmek, epmekface="Times New Roman Star"ipekface="Times New Roman Star"itpa"kface="Times New Roman Star"o"tpo"k







face="Times New Roman Star"o"tpekface="Times New Roman Star"ikma"kface="Times New Roman Star"o"tmekface="Times New Roman Star"iekmekface="Times New Roman Star"ekmek, etmek, o"tmek

face="Times New Roman Star"ekmekface="Times New Roman Star"EDT 12, 60, VEWT 376, ÝÑÒß 1, 254-256. The oldest form is clearly *et-mek with various subsequent assimilations.
face="Times New Roman Star"*TAry-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to cultivate (ground)face="Times New Roman Star"âîçäåëûâàòü (çåìëþ)face="Times New Roman Star"tary- (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"tary- (MK, KB)

face="Times New Roman Star"tary- (Abush., Sangl.)
face="Times New Roman Star"teri- (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"tary-

face="Times New Roman Star"tary-
face="Times New Roman Star"tary-



face="Times New Roman Star"tary-face="Times New Roman Star"tary-









face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 532, ÝÑÒß 3, 157-159 (confused with *da.ry-g 'millet' q. v. sub *ta>ra).
face="Times New Roman Star"*KAkmaface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"a k. of sheepskinface="Times New Roman Star"âèä îâ÷èíû



face="Times New Roman Star"qaqma (CCum., ShS)























face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 224.
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?Ek- ( ? -i-)face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"silk bead embroideryface="Times New Roman Star"âûøèâêà áèñåðîì ïî øåëêó
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ikin 'embroidered brocade' (MK)
face="Times New Roman Star"c?igen 'golden embroidery' (R - Kas.); c?ig- 'to embroider'face="Times New Roman Star"c?ikin 'floral designs embroidered in silk' (Sangl.)
















face="Times New Roman Star"sige- 'to embroider'face="Times New Roman Star"c?ij tigis? 'âûøèâàíèå ãëàäüþ'




face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 415-416, ÄÒÑ 143. Despite Clauson, cannot be < Chin.
face="Times New Roman Star"*b(i)a>kface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"bad, evilface="Times New Roman Star"ïëîõîé, äóðíîé, íåãîäíûé











face="Times New Roman Star"bag|aj

face="Times New Roman Star"bag|ajy 'fool, monster'
face="Times New Roman Star"ba'qface="Times New Roman Star"ba'q









face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 57.
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?a:rba- (*c?a:rma-)face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 squirrel 2 sable, martenface="Times New Roman Star"1 áåëêà 2 ñîáîëü, êóíèöà









face="Times New Roman Star"sarbax 1face="Times New Roman Star"s?arbaq 1face="Times New Roman Star"c?yrbyq 1

face="Times New Roman Star"sa:rba 2












face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 100, 403. A regional Siberian root.
face="Times New Roman Star"*jur-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"patch of cloth, ragface="Times New Roman Star"ëîñêóòû, ëîõìîòüÿface="Times New Roman Star"jurun (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"jurun (MK)
face="Times New Roman Star"joron (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"jurun (Abush., Sangl.)




face="Times New Roman Star"c?urux
face="Times New Roman Star"d'urun
face="Times New Roman Star"s/orúm 'bundle of flax or hemp'

face="Times New Roman Star"c?uruqface="Times New Roman Star"c?uruq
face="Times New Roman Star"z?uryn (dial.)
face="Times New Roman Star"jorqaq, joronface="Times New Roman Star"z?|urun
face="Times New Roman Star"jurq- 'to pinch (hair)'face="Times New Roman Star"z?uryndy

face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 211, EDT 970, ÝÑÒß 4, 255-256, Àøì. XII, 270.
face="Times New Roman Star"*da:l-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to sink 2 oceanface="Times New Roman Star"1 ïîãðóæàòü(ñÿ) 2 ìîðå, îêåàíface="Times New Roman Star"taluj 1 (Orkh., OUygh.)
face="Times New Roman Star"dal- 1face="Times New Roman Star"tal- 1 (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"tal-, dal- 1



face="Times New Roman Star"da:l- 1 (dial.)






face="Times New Roman Star"tal- (Castr.) `swim'





face="Times New Roman Star"dal- 1face="Times New Roman Star"dal- 1


face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 3, 133-134 (to be separated from *Tal- `to faint'); EDT 502 (the Chinese etymology of OT taluj seems hardly plausible: the compound MC da^\j-lwi is not attested, and we would expect *Tajluj, not *Taluj anyway).
face="Times New Roman Star"*jAt-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"winter ryeface="Times New Roman Star"îçèìàÿ ðîæü









face="Times New Roman Star"c?adyg| 'bush' (Sag.)face="Times New Roman Star"jadyg|an (Âåðá.)face="Times New Roman Star"d/adag|an



face="Times New Roman Star"c?adag| 'low plant'










face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 177.
face="Times New Roman Star"*jor-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to tire, tiredface="Times New Roman Star"óñòàâàòü, óñòàëûé

face="Times New Roman Star"jor-, jorul-, jorg|un
face="Times New Roman Star"jorul- (Ettuhf., AH), jorg|un (Pav. C.)


face="Times New Roman Star"jor-, jorul-, jorg|unface="Times New Roman Star"jor-, jorg|un













face="Times New Roman Star"jorul-, jorg|unface="Times New Roman Star"jorul-, jorg|un

face="Times New Roman Star"jorul-face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 207, ÝÑÒß 4, 223.
face="Times New Roman Star"*do"le-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"tranquil, sedate, quietface="Times New Roman Star"ñïîêîéíûé, òèõèé, ìèðíûé
face="Times New Roman Star"to"lek (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"do"le-k, do"len-

face="Times New Roman Star"to"lek (Chag.)







face="Times New Roman Star"tu"lek













face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 498, VEWT 504.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Ton|a (?)face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"tigerface="Times New Roman Star"òèãðface="Times New Roman Star"ton|a (Orkh.) 'a military title', (OUygh.) 'hero'face="Times New Roman Star"ton|a (MK)


























face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 515 (with some doubts about the original meaning of the word).
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?u"keface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"sterletface="Times New Roman Star"ñòåðëÿäü


face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"ke|, dial. (ÊÑÒÒ) c?u"ka"









face="Times New Roman Star"s/úw|ga






face="Times New Roman Star"so"ga"





face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 121, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 152. A local Volga region word; cf. however Turkm. c?u"j balyk 'pike', lit. 'nail-fish' - which may be a reanalysis of the original root.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Epejface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"baked breadface="Times New Roman Star"ïå÷åíûé õëåá


face="Times New Roman Star"ipi

















face="Times New Roman Star"a"pa"j





face="Times New Roman Star"Forms like epmek may belong here but contaminated with *etmek (v. sub *ite).
face="Times New Roman Star"*sinc?o"k ( ? -e-)face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 ankle-bone 2 shin-boneface="Times New Roman Star"1 ëîäûæêà 2 ãîëåíü

face="Times New Roman Star"sinz?|ik 1 (dial.)











face="Times New Roman Star"su"nju"o"x 2
face="Times New Roman Star"s?u"nc?u"k 'hip joint'face="Times New Roman Star"s?u"n|z?|u"k 'hip joint'


face="Times New Roman Star"sensek (dial.) 2





face="Times New Roman Star"Äûáî 1989 (but not < Perm.).
face="Times New Roman Star"*s[y]c?a-kajface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 cone 2 nut treeface="Times New Roman Star"1 øèøêà 2 îðåøíèê











face="Times New Roman Star"c?oc?og|oj 1
face="Times New Roman Star"s?úw|s?kúw| 2













face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 113, Äìèòðèåâà 1972, 174. Cf. perhaps Yak. sihik, Dolg. sisik 'alder' (Stachowski 210).
face="Times New Roman Star"*saba-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to beat, hit, fightface="Times New Roman Star"áèòü, äðàòüñÿ
face="Times New Roman Star"savas?- 'to fight' (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"savas?-
face="Times New Roman Star"savas?- (Houts., Ettuhf.)face="Times New Roman Star"savas?-


face="Times New Roman Star"dial. savas?













face="Times New Roman Star"savas?-face="Times New Roman Star"savas?-


face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 391, EDT 793, ÝÑÒß 7.
face="Times New Roman Star"*burkyface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"wrinkledface="Times New Roman Star"ñìîðùåííûéface="Times New Roman Star"burqyface="Times New Roman Star"burqy, burqyg| 'wrinkle'


























face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 360.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Ko"gmeface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"gum (of tooth)face="Times New Roman Star"äåñíà









face="Times New Roman Star"ko"n|meface="Times New Roman Star"ko"gbe (Mat.), ko"ge (Kond.)
















face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 290.
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
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